Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectives

Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks in medical imaging. However, these approaches primarily focus on supervised learning, assuming that the training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution. Unfortunately, this assumption may not always hold true in practice. To address these issues, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) techniques have been developed to transfer knowledge from a labeled domain to a related but unlabeled domain. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in UDA, resulting in a wide range of methodologies, including feature alignment, image translation, self-supervision, and disentangled representation methods, among others. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive literature review of recent deep UDA approaches in medical imaging from a technical perspective. Specifically, we categorize current UDA research in medical imaging into six groups and further divide them into finer subcategories based on the different tasks they perform. We also discuss the respective datasets used in the studies to assess the divergence between the different domains. Finally, we discuss emerging areas and provide insights and discussions on future research directions to conclude this survey.Comment: Under Revie

THEOLOGY AND ENGLISH LITERATURE: FROM CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE TO ALEXANDER POPE

Generally, it is not obvious to people that theology has contributed a lot in the formation of English literature. So, this paper tries to picture and convince how the writings of English Literature writers have impacts and influences in themselves from the biblical theology. Writers like William Shakespeare uses the theology of grace in his play All’s Well that’s End Well. John Milton pens theology of Freedom of Choice. John Donne writes Trinitarian Theology. Christopher Marlowe shows the theology of Doctor Faustus, which shines under the title like purgatory the highest junction. Alexander Pope reflects the theology of participation in self Salvation and shows theodicy in his work. Theology and English literature go together. They are inseparable. Theology is interwoven in English Literature. It appears convincingly that William Shakespeare, John Milton, John Donne, Christopher Marlowe, and Alexander Pope have sufficiently left grains in their writings which compel to justify the significance of theology in English Literature. Thus, a high degree of significance the biblical theology immerges within the arena of English Literature which may be taught to the English literature readers with a well stuff of biblical theology which is very much beneficial for the understanding of English literature knower

Data efficient deep learning for medical image analysis: A survey

The rapid evolution of deep learning has significantly advanced the field of medical image analysis. However, despite these achievements, the further enhancement of deep learning models for medical image analysis faces a significant challenge due to the scarcity of large, well-annotated datasets. To address this issue, recent years have witnessed a growing emphasis on the development of data-efficient deep learning methods. This paper conducts a thorough review of data-efficient deep learning methods for medical image analysis. To this end, we categorize these methods based on the level of supervision they rely on, encompassing categories such as no supervision, inexact supervision, incomplete supervision, inaccurate supervision, and only limited supervision. We further divide these categories into finer subcategories. For example, we categorize inexact supervision into multiple instance learning and learning with weak annotations. Similarly, we categorize incomplete supervision into semi-supervised learning, active learning, and domain-adaptive learning and so on. Furthermore, we systematically summarize commonly used datasets for data efficient deep learning in medical image analysis and investigate future research directions to conclude this survey.Comment: Under Revie

Hormonal profile and haematological parameters of male wistar albino rats treated with methanloic extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Changes in hormonal and haematological level were assessed in male wistar albino rats treated with methanolic extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. The result showed that methanolic extract treatment caused a significant (p < 0.01) reduction of 20 % and 40% in total RBC count (6.25 ± 0.025 to 5 ± 0.5 x 106/µL) and haemoglobin (17.1 ± 0.1892 to 10.2 ± 0.79 g / dL) respectively in treated rats over control. Unlike haematological parameters, hormonal profile showed a significant increase of 40% (p < 0.05), 200% (p < 0.01), 100% (p < 0.01) and 45.08% (p < 0.001) in follicle stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone, prolactin and testosterone respectively. The reduction of blood parameters is due to less haemopoiesis or induction of anemia. The increase in hormone level may be a cause of prostate cancer in wistar albino rats

Railway Accident Monitoring

Rail accidents are one of the major issues till the present day. Despite of safety measures, every year at least one major accident is recorded. The aim of this paper is to present a handy module consisting of sensors and microsystems which are used to detect faults which cause accidents. The causes of accidents are categorized into different modules which include anti-collision, track detection, wheel balance, level crossing, and tunnel accidents. IR sensor, Piezo sensor, reed sensor are used to detect faults.LCD(Liquid crystal display), Motor, Led?s and Buzzer are output devices which continuously inform the status and occurrence of fault

Analysis of physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in drinking water from different sources in and around Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine the physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in drinking water samples collected from different sources in and around Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Materials and Methods: A total number of 100 water samples were collected from different sources like hand pumps (44), wells (27), taps (20), rivers (3) and ponds (6). The gross appearance, taste, odour, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, conductivity, total dissolved solid, salinity and the concentration of lead and cadmium were analyzed. Results: Water samples were transparent, odourless and taste was agreeable except rivers and ponds. The mean value of temperature (24.8±0.416 to 30.7±0.819), pH (6.4±0.1 to 7.3±0.1), dissolved oxygen (3.9±0.05 to 8.95±0.15), biochemical oxygen demand (2.3±0.7 to 7.5±0.409), alkalinity (35±1 to 144.75±40.359), conductivity (83±1.15 to1508±0), total dissolved solid (73±1 to 1422±0) and salinity (0.016±.014). Mean levels (ppm) of lead (Pb) was (0.01±0.00 to 0.11±0.03) and cadmium (Cd) was (0.04±0.01 to 0.11±0.03). Conclusion: Out of water samples collected from above mentioned sources, samples from ponds and rivers were highly contaminated. The pH of 6 water samples was more than prescribed level, dissolved oxygen in 11 was samples was below than 5 ppm, biochemical oxygen demand in 19 water samples was above 6 ppm, alkalinity in 14 samples were above 120 ppm, conductivity in 2 water samples were above1400 μS/cm, The levels of lead and cadmium was more than the permissible limits. [Vet World 2013; 6(7.000): 370-375